General Considerations

•2 forms: single (= osteochondroma) or multicentric (= osteochondromatosis)

•multiple cartilaginous exostoses occurs after skeletal maturity in cats

•mean age 3.2 years

•no breed or sex predisposition ± Siamese cats

•etiology: familial or viral with nearly all cats are FeLV-positive)

•multiple cartilaginous exostoses are rarely symmetrical and do not affect long bones, in contrast to dogs

•common sites: scapula, vertebrae, and mandible

•FeLV-induced multiple cartilaginous exostoses are rapidly progressive with firm, painful swellings

•survey radiographs: sessile or pedunculated protuberances from bony surfaces with indistinct borders, loss of smooth contour, and evidence of lysis, particularly with malignant transformation

•lesions are composed of hard irregular exostoses with a fibrous and cartilaginous cap

•endochondral ossification extends from the cap for a variable thickness

•complete surgical resection is difficult as the cap tends to blend with adjacent tissue

•surgery is indicated for palliation but recurrence is common

•multiple cartilaginous exostoses have an aggressive biologic behaviour with potential for malignant transformation and metastases

SURGICAL ONCOLOGY

SOCIETY

RESEARCH

EDUCATION

LINKS

EMPLOYMENT

IMAGE LIBRARYImages.html
● HistoryHistory.html
● What is a Surgical OncologistSurgical_Oncology_1.html
● Find a Surgical OncologistSurgical_Oncology_2.html
● Aims and ObjectivesAims.html
● MembershipMembership.html
● CommitteesCommittees.html
● NewsletterNewsletter.html
● Constitution and BylawsConstitution.html
● Research TrialsResearch_Trials.html
● Publications by MembersPublications.html
● Research OpportunitiesResearch_Opportunities.html
● Cancer InformationCancer_Information_1.html
● Conferences and MeetingsConferences.html
● Radiation FacilitiesRadiation_Facilities.html
● CE OpportunitiesCE_Opportunities.html
● Cancer InformationCancer_Information_2.html
● Current OpportunitiesEmployment_Opportunities.html
● Fellowship Training GuidelinesFellowship_Guidelines.html

MULTIPLE CARTILAGINOUS EXOSTOSIS

● Surgical Oncology JournalsJournals.html
● Surgical Oncology SocietiesSocieties.html
● Veterinary Surgery CollegesColleges.html

Interpretation

Cortisol Level

Normal

250-450 nmol/L

Pituitary- or adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

> 600 nmol/L

Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism

< 150 nmol/L

Interpretation

3 Hours

Normal

< 40 nmol/L

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

< 40 nmol/L

Pituitary- or adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

> 40 nmol/L

8 Hours

< 40 nmol/L

> 40 nmol/L

> 40 nmol/L

Diagnostic Test

Sensitivity

Specificity

Accuracy

LDDST

85%-100%

44%-73%

58%-92%

ACTH Stimulation

80%-95%

82%-91%

84%-93%

Urine Cortisol-to-Creatinine

50%-100%

22%-100%

37%-91%

Interpretation

Cortisol Level

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

< 50% T0 cortisol concentration

Pituitary- or adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

> 50% T 0 cortisol concentration

Interpretation

Cortisol Level

Normal

37-80 ng/L

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

> 75 ng/L

Adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

< 37 ng/L